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2020/2/25 8:49:37
劍12長難句眩暈癥怎么治
想要好好做一篇閱讀,可是看了幾句話就看不下去了,不是單詞不認識,就是句子讀不懂;一篇文章硬著頭皮看了這了20分鐘還是看不懂。同學(xué),此處說的是不是你。
其實看不下去并不怪你,主要是因為閱讀中出現(xiàn)了很多“磨人的小妖精”,那就是長!難!句!對于大多數(shù)的烤鴨們來說,一聽到長難句,我知道你們的內(nèi)心一定是奔潰并且拒絕的。沒關(guān)系,今天就讓我們一起來收服這些 “小妖精”們。
What is rather more significant is the finding that the dopamine neurons in the caudate — a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response associations, and in anticipating food and other 'reward' stimuli — were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants' favourite moments in the music. ( 劍12 T7 P3 )
看完你是否眼暈?zāi)??從以上可以看出來長難句的一個特征就是在一個簡單句中加入了很多修飾的成分,例如添加了定語狀語同位語插入語,又或者從句套著從句,大詞小詞輪番上陣,直到你看不懂直到你眩暈為止。
長難句的構(gòu)成主要有下面幾個原因:
(1)并列成分
(2)語言層次結(jié)構(gòu)多(從句& 從句并列&從句嵌套)
(3)狀語、定語修飾成分
(4) 插入語、同位語分 裂結(jié)構(gòu)
那么怎么治療長難眩暈癥呢? 不添加任何防腐劑的二十年專治老配方就是: 抓主干,去修飾。
即找出主句的主謂賓,或者主系表等簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。 去除枝葉,即修飾性的成分,包括定語狀語同位語插入語。
我們來分析幾個常見的長難句結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 帶有插入語結(jié)構(gòu):略讀不看
What is rather more significant is the finding that the dopamine neurons in the caudate — a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response associations, and in anticipating food and other 'reward' stimuli — were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants' favourite moments in the music. ( 劍12 T7 P3 )
插入語的功能就是用來修飾、解釋,補充前面的內(nèi)容等等。
從形式上看,插入語的出現(xiàn)有明顯標志。標志一:前后用逗號隔開; 二:前后用破折號隔開。 對于插入語,我們的處理原則就是先跳過,不受其干擾。
解析:— a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response associations, and in anticipating food and other 'reward' stimuli — 為插入語部分,跳過。
把上個句子簡化下來就是 What is rather more significant is the finding that the dopamine neurons were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants' favourite moments in the music.
What is rather more significant is the finding這個部分是整個句子的主句。其后的that 引導(dǎo)的是一個同位語從句解釋前面的finding內(nèi)容。
【譯文:更重要的一個發(fā)現(xiàn)在于多巴胺神經(jīng)是在實驗對象喜歡的樂曲部分到來之前的15秒左右達到活躍的狀態(tài)?!?/p>
2. 帶有同位語結(jié)構(gòu):略讀不看
In a study of over 200 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, a degenerative brain disease, bilingual patients reported showing initial symptoms of the disease an average of five years later than monolingual patients.
解析:In a study of over 200 patients with Alzheimer’s disease 是一個介詞短語,非主干,略讀,a degenerative brain disease, 是一個同位語,解釋前面的Alzheimer’s disease(阿茨海默癥),略讀; 所以該句主干為bilingual patients reported showing initial symptoms of the disease an average of five years later than monolingual patients.
【譯文:雙語使用者最初報告疾病癥狀的年齡比單語使用者平均要晚五年】
3. 帶有定語結(jié)構(gòu)的:(1)定語從句
Following the 2008 financial meltdown, which resulted in a deeper and more prolonged period of economic downturn than anyone expeced, the search for explanations in the many post-mortems of the crisis has meant blame has been spread far and wide. (劍12 T8 P3 )
解析:句首為現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語,是修飾成分,非主干;, which resulted in a deeper and more prolonged period of economic downturn than anyone expeced, 是非限制性定語從句,其作用就是解釋補充說明前面的2008 financial meltdown,非主干,可先略讀不看。
本句的主干部分是:主語為the search 謂語動詞為has meant, 后接了一個省略that的賓語從句(that) blame has been spread far and wide. Search 后面的 for explanations in the many post-mortems of the crisis 是一個介詞短語做后置定語,修飾search,意為什么樣的一個調(diào)查。
【譯文:2008年的金融危機倒成了一段比任何人預(yù)期得還要深入和更加持久的經(jīng)濟低迷時期,在那之后,人們在對這場金融災(zāi)難所進行的許多事后分析中尋找真正的解釋,這也就意味著譴責的對象分布的更廣更遍布各地。】
3. 帶有定語結(jié)構(gòu)的:(2)分詞作后置定語
He points that climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific indicate a series of unusally frequent El Nino around the time of the Lapita expansion. (劍10 T3 P3)
解析: 本句的大結(jié)構(gòu)是一個賓語從句He points that… 賓從里面的主語是 climate data, 動詞是indicate, obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific 是一個過去分詞作后置定語修飾前面的climate data,
所以這句話簡化下來是He points that climate data indicate El Nino around the time of the Lapita expansion.
【譯文:他指出, 從太平洋海域緩慢生長的珊瑚礁中所獲取的其后數(shù)據(jù)表明,大約在Lapita 人探索開拓時期,正好有一系列頻繁的非比尋常的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象?!?/p>
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